# Google Scholar Search

Returns normalized Google Scholar organic results, publication authors and resources, cited-by/version/related links, citations per year when Google provides them, and offset pagination. This search MVP does not include author profile or cite-format endpoints.

- **Documentation:** [https://scrappa.co/docs/google-scholar-api/google_scholar_search](https://scrappa.co/docs/google-scholar-api/google_scholar_search)
- **API group:** Google Scholar API
- **Endpoint:** `GET https://scrappa.co/api/google/scholar`

## Authentication

Send your Scrappa API key in the `X-API-KEY` request header. Paid endpoints also support accountless x402 payments when called without an API key.

## Parameters

| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `q` | string | No | Scholar search query. Optional when cites or cluster is supplied. |
| `hl` | string | No | Two-letter interface language, optionally with a region. Defaults to en. |
| `start` | integer | No | Zero-based result offset from 0 to 990. Defaults to 0. |
| `num` | integer | No | Results per request from 1 to 20. Defaults to 10. |
| `as_ylo` | integer | No | Earliest publication year to include. |
| `as_yhi` | integer | No | Latest publication year to include. |
| `scisbd` | integer | No | 0 for relevance, 1 for recent abstracts, or 2 for all recent additions. |
| `cites` | string | No | Numeric publication ID for a cited-by search. May be combined with q. |
| `cluster` | string | No | Numeric publication ID for an all-versions search. Must be used alone. |

## Example request

```bash
#!/bin/bash

curl -X GET \
    -H "x-api-key: YOUR_API_KEY_HERE" \
    "https://scrappa.co/api/google/scholar?q=machine+learning&hl=en&num=10&as_ylo=2020"
```

## Example response

```json
{
    "success": true,
    "data": {
        "search_parameters": {
            "engine": "google_scholar",
            "q": "machine learning",
            "hl": "en",
            "start": 0,
            "num": 10,
            "scisbd": 0
        },
        "search_information": {
            "query_displayed": "machine learning",
            "total_results": 4320000
        },
        "organic_results": [
            {
                "position": 1,
                "title": "Machine learning",
                "result_id": "EQ8shYj8Ai8J",
                "link": "https://books.google.com/books?id=example",
                "snippet": "A scholarly publication about machine learning\u2026",
                "publication_info": {
                    "summary": "ZH Zhou - 2021 - books.google.com",
                    "authors": [
                        {
                            "name": "ZH Zhou",
                            "author_id": "rSVIHasAAAAJ"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "resources": [
                    {
                        "title": "example.edu",
                        "file_format": "PDF",
                        "link": "https://example.edu/paper.pdf"
                    }
                ],
                "inline_links": {
                    "cited_by": {
                        "total": 3894,
                        "cites_id": "3387547533016043281"
                    },
                    "versions": {
                        "total": 7,
                        "cluster_id": "3387547533016043281"
                    }
                }
            }
        ],
        "citations_per_year": [],
        "pagination": {
            "current": 1,
            "start": 0,
            "num": 10,
            "next_start": 10,
            "has_next": true
        }
    },
    "meta": {
        "duration_ms": 842
    }
}
```

## Errors

| Status | Error | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 422 | Validation Error | One or more Scholar search parameters are invalid. This response is not billable. |
| 502 | Unexpected Source Response | Scholar markup could not be normalized safely. This response is not billable. |
| 503 | Scholar Unavailable | The approved proxy path was unavailable or Scholar blocked the request. This response is not billable. |

## More Scrappa resources

- [API documentation](https://scrappa.co/docs)
- [Full LLM-readable API reference](https://scrappa.co/llms-full.txt)
- [OpenAPI specification](https://scrappa.co/docs/api.json)
- [Pricing](https://scrappa.co/pricing)